This worksheet teaches students to find unknown values in multiplication and division number sentences, using balance, doubling and halving, and the properties of numbers. The worksheet is split into warm-up questions, standard questions and then extension questions to test you.
The concepts it covers:
- The = sign means both sides have the same value: 3 × 5 = 30 ÷ 2, because both sides equal 15.
- Multiplication is commutative (4 × 6 = 6 × 4) and associative (2 × 3 × 5 can be done in any order).
- Division is not commutative or associative: 6 ÷ 3 ≠ 3 ÷ 6, and (8 ÷ 2) ÷ 2 ≠ 8 ÷ (2 ÷ 2).
- Distributive property: 4 × 13 = 4 × 10 + 4 × 3.
What your child will practise:
- Working out one side to find the unknown that makes the other side equal.
- Using the commutative and associative properties.
- Using doubling and halving to find equivalent multiplications.
- Using the distributive property to split a multiplication.
- Deciding whether a number sentence is true or false.
Every section opens with a worked example, and the download includes a full answer key with step-by-step solutions and teaching notes on the mistakes students most commonly make.
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